argument stringlengths 116 44.5k | conclusion stringlengths 8 1.16k | id stringlengths 36 36 |
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<|TOPIC|>ban child performers<|ARGUMENT|>Even experienced adults can find it difficult to deal with stage fright or performance anxiety. Children, more emotionally vulnerable than adults by nature, should not be exposed to this sort of pressure. This is especially true in situations where the child is being paid for th... | It is unethical to expose children to the pressures of performing
| 4d04e9e1-1690-484f-9ffd-44d7fcd6debc |
<|TOPIC|>NA<|ARGUMENT|>So let me start off by saying this is an account I made solely for controversial questions as I don't want this coming up on my actual reddit history because I fear this will harm my career choices, have those close to me ostracized me, and etc. This is not spam, I genuinely want to see if my vie... | DACA Students should have zero financial aide and are crowding out American Citizens from good Colleges.
| 73d03454-0db0-48e9-a956-694b4594b60a |
<|TOPIC|>NA<|ARGUMENT|>I honestly do not understand the big fuss about bathrooms. Some people want to force people to use the bathroom of the sex they were born in while others want everyone to be able to go to the bathroom they want to go in. Both these positions have a lot of disadvantages. Cons of forcing people to ... | If you look like a man go to the men bathroom. If you look like a woman go to the women bathroom.
| 84804d3e-6fe1-425d-9d8b-e8d4658041ec |
<|TOPIC|>NA<|ARGUMENT|>including the I'm not going to vote because the system sucks posts, which are the same thing through a personal statement This is us centric, but the logic may apply to elections elsewhere. When I say should, I mean that these forums would be a better place without those posts or posters, if peop... | political subreddits should ban posts discouraging voting
| 9f0873b7-0f60-48da-a6b0-e40278e43859 |
<|TOPIC|>There should be no welfare state.<|ARGUMENT|>Most targeted unemployment benefits have time limitations. Across Europe, only Belgium guarantees unlimited unemployment benefits. In other countries the benefits last from 3 to 24 months for a worker with 22 years of contributions European Commission, pg. 5<|ASPECT... | In some EU countries, unemployment benefits are time limited, therefore recipients cannot rely on them indefinitely.
| 17442269-b4b9-4607-84f6-aa4dcb5d34ca |
<|TOPIC|>NA<|ARGUMENT|>One of the most famous quotes about Nihilism is Nietzsche's God is dead and we killed him , referring to the way how science research deleted God as an explanation from so many places, where we just couldn't figure something out. While this depressive philosophy isn't really healthy and I believe... | Nihilism naturally derives from science and reason
| 95d7d222-7a0a-4101-bf03-55de6845ece7 |
<|TOPIC|>Is tax avoidance acceptable?<|ARGUMENT|>They have to work hard at their jobs and put in an effort to climb up in the company.<|ASPECTS|>work hard<|CONCLUSION|>
| Even when people are born in rich households, they still have to work hard to earn wealth.
| 8582cbce-2036-4974-90ae-980c18e5592c |
<|TOPIC|>Is it OK to publicly approach a stranger for sex?<|ARGUMENT|>Surveys show that many men are fine with hooking up with a stranger who approaches them - whereas barely any women are. This indicates that women dislike this idea.<|ASPECTS|>stranger, dislike<|CONCLUSION|>
| Just because women are fine with being asked out on a date does not mean that the same applies to being approached by a stranger for sex.
| 7c3f90f3-5fa4-4e90-9992-5a62268355a3 |
<|TOPIC|>NA<|ARGUMENT|>Just clarify by saying that this is for people who turn to God for decisions such as praying for cure of an illness ie praying to God to cure them of cancer instead of seeking medical help. For example that couple that had both of their sons die by denying them medical help and choosing to pray i... | I think that believing in God should be classified as a mental illness.
| 6b9e6cd2-74a7-4e00-9cdf-0728c7243124 |
<|TOPIC|>NA<|ARGUMENT|>My reasoning for this is as follows In my experience, most students will choose their major after the first year of college. To a certain extent, I'd say that one's choice of major plays a major role in determining one's future. A philosophy major might have a hard time getting an engineering gig... | Gen-ed requirements in college, particularly in liberal arts colleges, should primarily be front-loaded into the first year or two, and students should only be allowed to select a major after finishing the bulk of these courses.
| c55ef20d-3636-4552-a2b1-589f6fadad42 |
<|TOPIC|>Are the rich or the poor more responsible for environmental damages?<|ARGUMENT|>Demand simply responds to supply to whatever customers buy the most is what will be produced the most.<|ASPECTS|>responds to supply<|CONCLUSION|>
| Consumers have the power to influence producers' choices by choosing to purchase items that are environmentally advantageous.
| 9ca39e5a-5009-4121-bab9-7fe624e83228 |
<|TOPIC|>Should the US Pay Reparations for Slavery?<|ARGUMENT|>If reparations were financed from petty cash, this could easily create the impression that a insignificantly low amount of money is used to buy acquiescence of Black Americans.<|ASPECTS|>black americans, petty cash<|CONCLUSION|>
| The willingness to pay a significant, notable amount of money that requires cuts elsewhere would emphasize the importance of this step for the United States.
| 0e5dc2bf-6236-45f9-9b67-d857198d241d |
<|TOPIC|>NA<|ARGUMENT|>Mother's Baby Father's Maybe. I think that paternity testing should be mandatory in all cases where a man wishes to put his name on the birth certificate. Quite simply Eliminates the chance of unwilling cuckoldry Means that males who are unsure of whether they are the father can find out without ... | I believe that Paternity testing should be mandatory for a father to be put on a birth certificate
| 3b92ac16-be9e-430f-8bad-36633458cadf |
<|TOPIC|>Should the UK Remain in the EU if the only Alternative is a Hard Brexit?<|ARGUMENT|>Hardcore Brexiteers are always going to hate having been deprived of their "victory", but they don't have to like it to turn up to vote, even if it's only to try to oust whoever made the decision. Their visceral dislike of the ... | Not necessarily, if it were correctly framed as a loss of faith by parliament in the referendum process and a return to Britain's actual sovereignty, in which the electorate elect and the elected make educated decisions, rather than throwing decisions to a lynch mob for political purposes. If that case were made it cou... | 1caffcc3-6ed1-4ab4-961c-e8e384c85d5a |
<|TOPIC|>Autonomous Killing Machines: The Future of Warfare?<|ARGUMENT|>30h missions with pilots sitting in a seat and not moving would be really really strenuous, so you would probably have to build it in a way so that the pilots can shift around and maybe even stretch, go to the toilet.<|ASPECTS|>strenuous, shift<|CO... | Imagine you had to build a Global Hawk with pilots on board. That would have made the plane bigger, heavier and much more complex. GH missions are so long, that you would probably have to have 2-3 pilots on board.
| cacd7d7f-86a5-422a-b24e-bbb4db03c921 |
<|TOPIC|>NA<|ARGUMENT|>The Imperials follow Palpatine who legally became Supreme Chancellor of the senate albeit due to manipulations that are very common in politics. He used legal means to control the senate by a domino effect that he and his Sith allies started to coerce the population into granting him emergency ri... | The Imperials are really the law abiding citizens in STAR WARS compared to the Rebels who are simply terrorists fighting a religious war.
| fd5397b1-fb6a-445c-8944-bb042d5641de |
<|TOPIC|>Is Morality Objective?<|ARGUMENT|>True. Existence has nothing to do with contradictions or incoherence. Both are our concepts, while reality exists independently from us and our concepts. It is elementary, like the paradox: "I'm a compulsive liar." The fact that we cannot resolve this statement does not prove ... | Not having a consistent definition of an object or phenomenon doesn't mean that it doesn't exist, reality exists independently of out concepts and definitions. A better definition may be possible.
| f8ed1424-d3ef-43ea-af1d-02b04394889e |
<|TOPIC|>Should Planned Parenthood Be Defunded?<|ARGUMENT|>Even the best contraceptive methods such as surgical sterilisation can fail, and even with perfect use the pill may not work.<|ASPECTS|>fail, sterilisation<|CONCLUSION|>
| Even with the best intentions and preparation, contraceptives can and do fail.
| a6c8aad5-d828-45d6-aa08-60543ea99dfb |
<|TOPIC|>NA<|ARGUMENT|>I know a lot of people talk about how important it is to major in something you are interested, but I think majoring in something really saturated eg. Journalism is a bad idea. It is common for people to romanticise a certain major or career. The truth is most if not all jobs have workplace polit... | Majoring in something really saturated is a bad idea
| 8f652b50-0c37-468c-8fbc-4db714fdfc6b |
<|TOPIC|>Free Speech on the Internet: Should Internet Companies Deny Service to White Supremacists?<|ARGUMENT|>'Using' such sites for counter-terrorism purposes means that they are going to be subject to a different type of scrutiny; for example, anonymity being waived, as in the case of the Daily Stormer where many di... | White supremacists deserve privacy just like any other individual in society does. Regardless of whether they should be censored, they should not be subject to extra surveillance simply because they hold views that are objectionable to some.
| 9b066f21-9d0f-421d-9c04-df21cb8fa698 |
<|TOPIC|>The Ethics of Eating Animals: Is Eating Meat Wrong?<|ARGUMENT|>An abuser is not a protector when their own actions are worse than the outside world they are supposedly "protecting" their victim from. This is true of the conditions created inside factory farms.<|ASPECTS|>protector, abuser, conditions, protectin... | Given humans kills many cows for their meat, it is not clear that they could be viewed as protecting cows or having a particularly close relationship with them.
| 01baf82b-22f3-4e3d-bd09-c0f82763a495 |
<|TOPIC|>Should laws prohibit children under 16 from being unsupervised?<|ARGUMENT|>This would stop the very young from hanging out in the streets and getting into trouble.<|ASPECTS|>trouble, streets<|CONCLUSION|>
| Laws should prohibit children 16 and under from being unsupervised.
| fa30182d-6966-4ecc-a1a1-118568a65bef |
<|TOPIC|>NA<|ARGUMENT|>I would describe myself as an atheistic agnostic, and have been since early childhood. My son has recently started asking questions about death will I die, will mom die, will he die, how long until he dies, what happens when he dies, and so on. He is really anxious about this and will lie awake t... | I'm an atheist, and believe it's OK to tell children the truth about death.
| 172ba2cd-b26d-424b-8cde-b8bc4453de0a |
<|TOPIC|>NA<|ARGUMENT|>As a left leaning British Christian, I come from a tradition where the left commonly identifies with Christianity the NHS was started by Christians, free education for all was championed by Christian reformers, Christians lead the abolition of slavery fight etc . Part of this logic is that the ac... | The Republican Christian objection to tax as charity because tax is not voluntary is ultimately hypocritical
| 22732608-503d-4282-92c5-88f06590674d |
<|TOPIC|>Should cheerleading be banned?<|ARGUMENT|>Governments do not ban people from signing up for dangerous professions e.g. firemen, police, electricians.<|ASPECTS|>dangerous professions<|CONCLUSION|>
| An activity being dangerous does not justify the government banning that activity.
| daa87d6a-1e47-4ee0-b0f2-75d6f43a715d |
<|TOPIC|>Should Evangelicals vote for Trump?<|ARGUMENT|>President Trump has talked about his own daughter in a sexual manner on numerous occasions. Incest is generally condemned in the bible.<|ASPECTS|>sexual, incest<|CONCLUSION|>
| Trump has committed numerous types of 'sexual immorality', which the Bible preaches it followers to abstain from.
| a4fdaca3-59fc-4b26-a1cb-067b5b5c77a9 |
<|TOPIC|>Would the world be a better place if it was united under one government eg the UN?<|ARGUMENT|>The Secretary General is largely dependent on the funding and good will of the most powerful nations, making it difficult for them to openly criticise them<|ASPECTS|>funding, good, criticise<|CONCLUSION|>
| The Secretary General lacks the independent authority to achieve any meaningful change.
| 052260ad-0add-452c-a06b-3e1236d0673c |
<|TOPIC|>Withdrawing from Iraq<|ARGUMENT|>Saddam has been removed from office and executed, WMD has not been found, and Iraq is no longer a threat to the region. This was the main thrust of the US mission going into the war. Having accomplished these objectives and having ensured that Iraq in fact does not have WMD, th... | The US has accomplished its limited strategic objectives in Iraq, so it can leave.
| 06994803-8232-4ee7-97d9-bc5ed654f5a2 |
<|TOPIC|>NA<|ARGUMENT|>This is a two part question. First he's scandal proof. I mean literally the man has a new scandal every single week. He's got a strategy where he just dogpiles the scandals one after the other so before one even goes deep he's already embroiled in another scandal. Maybe it's just the media overhy... | Trump is scandal-proof and there is nothing that can turn his base against him.
| b205957f-b2c4-4a75-ad2e-06a810cc3cc9 |
<|TOPIC|>Should all major political decisions be made via public referendum?<|ARGUMENT|>During the 'Brexit' referendum the Electoral Reform Commission's free online resource A Better Referendum had limited take-up with only 12,000 unique visitors to the site. Page 35.<|ASPECTS|>limited take-up, unique<|CONCLUSION|>
| Simply because such bodies exist does not mean that they will be listened to.
| 8e203b21-7cf8-4856-a135-512e17cd3525 |
<|TOPIC|>Should Democrats Cooperate with Donald Trump?<|ARGUMENT|>Julie Kirchner was appointed to work at the federal Office of Citizenship and Immigration Services by the Trump administration in May. She was previously the executive director of the Federation for American Immigration Reform, an organisation that has c... | Trump and his administration have extensive connections with members of the alt-right movement, a movement he refuses to condemn.
| abc54d8e-0b8f-4e53-bbba-166259428a1c |
<|TOPIC|>NA<|ARGUMENT|>Post game, it should be the loser's decision to initiate congratulations, handshakes, declarations of good game , etc. The winner can then reciprocate, and should. If the winner initiates this, it can come across as rubbing it in, especially if it was a painful loss, or if the game was decided by... | Post-game, the loser and not the winner should initiate "good sportsmanship".
| 9f2b1ff0-c498-4c4f-a98c-809636aaa21c |
<|TOPIC|>The Existence of God<|ARGUMENT|>In Acts 12:14-15, a servant tells members of the early Church that Peter had escaped from prison, and she is dismissed with the claim that it was only his angel. This shows that the early Church wasn't quick to assume that the appearance of someone is necessarily their physical ... | If the witnesses of the resurrected body were hallucinating, they likely would have concluded that it was only a vision rather than a bodily resurrection, since we know that both their culture and the specific individuals involved had a concept of spiritual visions.
| ccf50c3d-2360-4cc8-847b-aec64d83a6a5 |
<|TOPIC|>NA<|ARGUMENT|>For the following reasons It dilutes the historical significance of the word. Perhaps black people initially called each other the N word to show brotherhood however, today it is often casually used interchangeably with words like bro, dude, or man. This trivializes its historical origin and make... | Black people should stop using the N-word
| fb7264bb-b5b7-458c-8482-b5fa62dc66cf |
<|TOPIC|>NA<|ARGUMENT|>After having a dumb phone for so many years, I have found that I am able to accomplish all of my needs through it, a personal computer, and tablet. Paying the cell companies extra money in order to have a smartphone and access to the internet is a waste, especially since I have access to public, ... | I believe switching to a smart phone plan is a waste of money and the added "benefits" do not outweigh the costs of owning a smartphone.
| 6cc8b28d-a925-4d50-82b9-64834b24903e |
<|TOPIC|>NA<|ARGUMENT|>I recently was banned from r HoldMyNip for reporting a post for animal abuse and commenting on it. The link was a gif of a cats trapped in a dryer. Even if there was no heat the dryer had to be on for the inside to be spinning the way it was. This is clearly a situation in which a cat would be un... | I should not have been banned from r/HoldMyNip for pointing out animal abuse.
| a6f0f9e4-c2a8-4dd6-ae1b-17b6c6a1487b |
<|TOPIC|>NA<|ARGUMENT|>For those unfamiliar, the FairTax is proposed tax reform in the USA that would essentially get rid of the income tax, and replace it with a federal sales tax of around 25 30 . To account for essentials, people would receive a prebate check once a month for the estimated cost of basic essentials, ... | The FairTax would be a great solution to the illegal immigration problem.
| 45a938b3-93e0-4640-842a-87d5168956c1 |
<|TOPIC|>NA<|ARGUMENT|>I'm sick of hearing people complain. Every successful person who's story I know started out poor and either paid their way through night classes or worked their asses off to start a successful business. I've seen many typical poor people throw away their chance at an education for no good reason ... | I think there's no excuse for being poor.
| 3dcdd70a-aa48-4a2e-9a35-c7973799647a |
<|TOPIC|>NA<|ARGUMENT|>I believe if you look at the current Libertarian Party, and look at the U.S. Constitution, and the quotes and works of men such as Ben Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Paine, John Adams, etc. you will find that they are incredibly aligned ideologically. I am not a libertarian nor am I saying Am... | The founding fathers were libertarians.
| cf50dc7f-6bc5-406f-830c-8fe8b4e06595 |
<|TOPIC|>Should Google Censor Their Search Results In Order To Operate In China?<|ARGUMENT|>The CEO of Google stated that "filtering our search results clearly compromises our mission”, but failing to offer Google search at all to a fifth of the world’s population, compromises our mission far more severely.”<|ASPECTS|>... | Google’s mission statement declares that the company’s goal is to bring information to as many people as possible. Operating in China allows it to reach more people.
| 28d3e388-a3f6-4bca-8ba8-3bd727297e10 |
<|TOPIC|>NA<|ARGUMENT|>I've come across this interesting concept in some personal conversations, and I find myself continuously returning to it and thinking, Huh, that might be something. My view is that people should not be entitled to having children that is people shouldn't automatically have the right to birth and ... | Having Children Should not be a Fundamental Human Right
| f4243844-b9a8-4cd5-964b-45b804fad324 |
<|TOPIC|>Would Abolishing Privacy Be Beneficial?<|ARGUMENT|>Even in elite circles and among homosexuals themselves, in many of these countries homosexuality is seen as a sin and personal failure. Thus, the heterosexual elites have more power and control over their homosexual counterparts.<|ASPECTS|>personal failure, si... | In order to maintain a socially moral and respectable position, the sexually non-conforming elites are more likely to be repressed by their heterosexual elite counterparts.
| 12b2dee3-3ebf-4178-a72e-e05e0babd9c4 |
<|TOPIC|>ban the sale of surveillance technology to non-democratic countries<|ARGUMENT|>As much as the more liberal citizenry of many of the world’s democracies wish to believe otherwise, democracy as a system of government is not the only game in town. In fact, the growth of the strong-state/state-capitalism approach ... | Presuming democracy is the only legitimate or worthwhile form of government is both inaccurate and unproductive
| 538699c7-6c81-4d27-85da-4e980915829e |
<|TOPIC|>Who should the Conservative Party choose to be the next UK Prime Minister?<|ARGUMENT|>Prices of imported goods are likely to increase for consumers because the UK will have to pay EU external tariffs.<|ASPECTS|>external tariffs, prices, imported goods<|CONCLUSION|>
| In a no-deal Brexit scenario there would likely be increased prices for certain goods and medicines in the UK.
| 7942bb49-a1dc-474b-b24f-8f4cb947d890 |
<|TOPIC|>Which political party is best for America?<|ARGUMENT|>Maintaining good rapport with US allies is the top priority of the Democratic Party, while maintaining military superiority is the focus of the Republican Party.<|ASPECTS|>military superiority, rapport<|CONCLUSION|>
| The Democratic Party is more likely to be 'softer' on foreign policy, endangering national security in the process.
| 4a3d1209-40f3-49c3-977f-99510e814683 |
<|TOPIC|>Should important elections be voted online using web browsers?<|ARGUMENT|>Vote coercion can happen when others can force you to vote, while they are monitoring that you vote correctly.<|ASPECTS|>coercion, correctly<|CONCLUSION|>
| There is no method that guarantees that voters have the ability to vote secretly online.
| 46d2f9d3-0969-4355-ab62-b55ab1cafe88 |
<|TOPIC|>Should all companies be entirely owned by their workers?<|ARGUMENT|>Community owned-projects receive substantial crowdfunding worker's cooperatives which derive their workforce from the surrounding community are likely to receive a similar level of support.<|ASPECTS|>support, crowdfunding<|CONCLUSION|>
| If wealth is spread more evenly, people will have money to loan to family and friends or to contribute to crowd funding campaigns.
| b45c02c0-a18f-4c79-85aa-d5304f91f7ce |
<|TOPIC|>Is the UN a force for good?<|ARGUMENT|>The Republic of Nicaragua successfully won a ICJ court case against the USA, who had supported a rebellion against the Nicaraguan government and mined Nicaragua's harbors. However, the USA used it's Security Council power to block enforcement and prevented Nicaragua from ... | The permanent members of the Security Council are able to veto enforcement of cases, even those to which they are the defendant, or which they consented to be bound.
| 9fa45912-cdd3-4f5d-bb2b-50eaa2367ca4 |
<|TOPIC|>Should Aborting a Disabled Child Be Legal?<|ARGUMENT|>A woman with an increased risk of postpartum depression may not be able to handle the stress and extra responsibility of taking care of a disabled child. It is in her best interest to abort.<|ASPECTS|>responsibility, stress, postpartum depression, risk, ext... | One or both parents may not be emotionally or psychologically stable enough to handle the personal costs of caring for a disabled child.
| 43e11e7f-c71c-4380-9e12-d5f6604d266e |
<|TOPIC|>NA<|ARGUMENT|>So I was on r videos and saw a video that I personally found funny that involved a woman with parkinson's being confused for making sexual hand gestures. I did, however, make this comment that was in a nutshell me saying I found the video funny but I didn't support it since it could cause more ha... | It's okay to reject humour poking fun at disabled people that you think may cause more harm than good
| 44e44c2e-f184-46a9-a0d5-2bd290fa981b |
<|TOPIC|>Should the UK Remain in the EU if the only Alternative is a Hard Brexit?<|ARGUMENT|>A university of Texas study found that wisdom increases with age, especially for longer term strategic decisions which took future stages into account. They found that younger adults were better when only the immediate rewards ... | Older voters are on average wiser than the youngest voters, and their views are less prone to fluctuation. As the youngest voters get wiser it is therefore reasonable to assume that a proportion of them will change their views to align more closely to the prevailing wisdom amongst older voters.
| 76d27835-7f24-4d7f-9b0d-a5d7bf16bd09 |
<|TOPIC|>The Rebel Alliance would defeat the United Federation of Planets in space combat.<|ARGUMENT|>In the episode "Balance of Terror" it is stated the Earth-Romulan war was fought with, by their standard, "primitive" atomic/nuclear weaponry. This was 100 years before the episode and we are not told if they mean fiss... | Given the premise that Star Trek is set in the future, it would be illogical for them to ditch more powerful or effective weaponry, for something less effective, just as modern militarise would not stop using assault rifles and go back to bows and crossbows.
| 671203b7-6751-4c66-878f-3e908972208c |
<|TOPIC|>NA<|ARGUMENT|>I admit that I don't have much to say about this. The latter just seems so silly to me. In everyday language, a comma represents a small pause and a full stop represents a large pause. To be more specific, I think commas are traditionally used to separate clauses while full stops are used to sepa... | Writing numbers in this format 1,000,000.001 is better than writing them in this format 1.000.000,001
| d2e05f3c-af00-4496-84cf-634adb630f6e |
<|TOPIC|>Who Will Win the Game of Thrones?<|ARGUMENT|>Daenerys held an exact copy of Khal Drogo's speech, also someone who only conquered but did not really rule.<|ASPECTS|>conquered<|CONCLUSION|>
| Daenerys basically admits to Daario that she only wants to conquer, not to rule.
| 22c68054-3b9a-4d07-90f9-d67830a6f814 |
<|TOPIC|>Should the Primary Focus of Prisons be Rehabilitation, or Punishment?<|ARGUMENT|>The end goal should be the safety of society, which means that rehabilitation and reintegration are the only reasonable aims. Punitive incarceration among offenders, without an effort in edification, might exacerbate delinquency; ... | As the prisoner will re-enter the community upon completion of their sentence, it is necessary to focus on the holistic rehabilitation of the individual.
| 9c5d9d12-5f8f-401a-b367-cfde977cb9a3 |
<|TOPIC|>Should the US remove Confederate memorials, flags, and monuments from public spaces?<|ARGUMENT|>They are part of the history of the "nation" and if anything the African American community should join with the Native American community and take "ownership" of these symbols as a show of character and strength ag... | Confederate monuments, flags and memorials honor an important part of the American story.
| 6168866a-f0b9-42f7-b4d4-645ec2bb3251 |
<|TOPIC|>One nation under god, leave it in or take it out?<|ARGUMENT|>"composed by Francis Bellamy in 1892. The Pledge has been modified four times since then, with the most recent change adding the words "under God" in 1954. The Pledge is predominantly sworn by children in public schools in response to state laws requ... | Only put in "under God" in 1954 because of the war against famously 'atheist' Communists
| f2f11056-31b7-4f9e-af1b-8eb6715a7604 |
<|TOPIC|>NA<|ARGUMENT|>I cannot stand Trump. I have really tried to find one example of him doing something that was the slightest bit redeeming and have had no luck. I have put this question out there to some people on facebook. People I was thinking about unfriending because they were pro trump. They couldn't give me... | There is nothing good or kind or empathetic about Donald Trump. He is as close to evil as u can get.
| ac671c43-09eb-415b-aef9-48dc05cac1a9 |
<|TOPIC|>Autonomous Killing Machines: The Future of Warfare?<|ARGUMENT|>When there is an essential threat to survival moral becomes secondary, as identified by Berthold Brecht famous quotation 'grub first, then ethics.'<|ASPECTS|>moral, threat to survival<|CONCLUSION|>
| There is a constant balance between moral arguments and needs. It is impossible to be pure to only one side.
| 6b71cf18-c518-4d67-af79-1dbb334df600 |
<|TOPIC|>Should same-sex marriage be legalised in Australia?<|ARGUMENT|>This can be exemplified by many bible passages that conflict with modern morals, such as the killing of civillians during war time. The Bible: "Now therefore kill every male among the little ones, and kill every woman that hath known man by lying w... | Many religious moral prescriptions are imoral for today's standards of most cultures.
| 227665b0-81fa-4103-9476-00a697a085d4 |
<|TOPIC|>Free trade<|ARGUMENT|>From the perspective of North American consumers, one of the negative effects of NAFTA has been the significant increase in bilingual and often trilingual labeling on products for simultaneous distribution through retailers in Canada, the United States, and Mexico in French, English, and ... | NAFTA creates the problem of multilingual labeling on goods and products
| eef97ded-0092-45d0-af7a-e7a19246593a |
<|TOPIC|>The Trolley Problem: What's the Right Solution?<|ARGUMENT|>In the United States, people do not vote directly for presidential candidates, but for electors who vote for a candidate on their behalf. Voters still consider themselves to be deciding which candidate is elected because they are reasonably certain of ... | One can only decide "not to decide" by allowing someone else, or random chance, to make the decision instead. Passing the decision to an agent whose decision is known e.g. the current state of the tracks is equivalent to making the decision oneself.
| e39ef5bc-42d5-441b-9154-0da9c84085e7 |
<|TOPIC|>In the event that cybercrime and cyberwarfare cannot be controlled, the Internet should be shut down.<|ARGUMENT|>Cybercrime and cyberwarfare are not naturally existing problems, as regular crime and warfare are. They can be removed by removing the technology on which they depend.<|ASPECTS|>technology, existing... | In the event that cybercrime and cyberwarfare cannot be controlled, the Internet should be shut down.
| 2977160a-a523-46b9-b510-525c0eb54ac6 |
<|TOPIC|>Should copyright be reformed to focus on revenue, not copies?<|ARGUMENT|>In the words of John Oswald, "If creativity is the field, copyrights are the fence." Anticopyright.com<|ASPECTS|>copyrights, creativity<|CONCLUSION|>
| The current copyright system is incompatible with a free and open Internet.
| c581ff82-cb4a-438f-8fee-358b45292880 |
<|TOPIC|>NA<|ARGUMENT|>Obama is undoubtedly considered one of the highest regarded leaders in not only the African American community, but also in the United States. Therefore after he made the comments If I had a son, he would look like Trayvon and more recently The death of Trayvon Martin was a tragedy. Not just for ... | I don't believe Obama should have been involved in the Trayvon Martin/Zimmerman case.
| 94bedbbc-11b3-43d3-b6cd-3a40f4dfae23 |
<|TOPIC|>Should the state grant benefits linked to marriage?<|ARGUMENT|>In many countries, marriage allows spouses to become legal representatives for their partner should their partner die or be unable to make important medical or financial decisions.<|ASPECTS|>medical or financial decisions<|CONCLUSION|>
| Marriage provides couples and each person within the couple with important legal protections.
| ba929d46-ca40-4366-a7b9-dc121a24d4c0 |
<|TOPIC|>NA<|ARGUMENT|>I don't understand why people support the Palestinian cause. Palestinian nationalism is baseless, and Palestinian groups with nationalistic aspirations use extremely violent means to persuade the Israeli state to give Palestinian people more rights. How can it be said that they deserve it after a... | Israel is a Jewish state, and Israelis are right to protect themselves against Palestinian aggression. Palestinian nationalism is baseless and wrong.
| 0622af17-59d9-49c4-b914-07f52a343dbc |
<|TOPIC|>Should the US Recognize Palestine as a State?<|ARGUMENT|>In a 1988 judgement, the Israeli High Court of Justice ruled that Israel had annexed East Jerusalem. HCJ 282/88, p. 4<|ASPECTS|>annexed east jerusalem<|CONCLUSION|>
| The International Court of Justice found that Israel effectively 'annexed East Jerusalem with the 1980 Jerusalem Law.
| 04940e1d-893f-426d-b497-227c5b33dc2e |
<|TOPIC|>The Trilemma of the Maroons<|ARGUMENT|>Agree and do what is necessary to survive. When the British impose their cultural practices upon you, appropriate them. When the British introduce the sport of cricket to you, make yourself so good that centuries later your cricket team will terrify and embarrass your old... | Option "One": Agree and then honor the agreement. Become the slave police.
| 001bef52-edc2-4335-bc6b-f0b196259dfd |
<|TOPIC|>Should Inheritance be Abolished?<|ARGUMENT|>This means that, over generations, some families will have amassed far more than others because of an unfair advantage.<|ASPECTS|>amassed, unfair advantage<|CONCLUSION|>
| The more money you have the easier it is to make more money by investing, rent, etc..
| 0eb8d0ad-f0c5-4991-9986-7e44138361e5 |
<|TOPIC|>NA<|ARGUMENT|>I believe a woman has a right to deny use of her body to anyone, but what I'm struggling with is whether she has the right to kill her literal child to cut off that usage. If the fetus couldn't care for his herself anyway this removal wouldn't change the death, just its cause, but the exact momen... | cmv abortion is wrong because the moment a fetus "becomes" a "person" isn't ascertainable and prevention of his/er/its later life is akin to murder.
| d5837514-b0bd-4b49-a8fb-84104c3c6332 |
<|TOPIC|>What Is the Best Drug Regulation System?<|ARGUMENT|>The first and most important natural right is the right to life. If it is the governments duty to protect life, by pure logic, it cannot allow its citizens to commit suicide. 1<|ASPECTS|>duty, commit suicide, right to life, natural right, protect life<|CONCLU... | According to John Locke, the purpose of the government is to protect our natural rights and not to interfere with them. 1
| 2793f6f4-444b-481e-a3da-f392ae839d71 |
<|TOPIC|>Should the minimum age of candidacy for political office be 18?<|ARGUMENT|>During this century, many countries have reduced their legal voting age from varying ages to 18 years. Austria reduced it from 19 to 18 years, United Kingdom from 21 to 18 years, and the call for reductions is growing in many other coun... | A global trend exists in the reduction of voting ages:
| dcd9f846-bd32-444e-9f0e-b319a0d8bd56 |
<|TOPIC|>General AI should have fundamental rights<|ARGUMENT|>To not give rights to AIs now could not be problematic in the present because it is easy to distinguish them from us, but it could create habits that we will reproduce on distant future artificial entities that we can't distinguish from humans.<|ASPECTS|>hab... | Not granting AGI fundamental rights would increase the likelihood of human abuses towards AGI, thereby degenerating civil societies.
| 1c3e1065-af10-481f-a385-615bbf6a3c87 |
<|TOPIC|>NA<|ARGUMENT|>I had a discussion about whether photography is considered art or not. This case was about scenery photography, but we also went and talked about all kind of photography. My opinion it's not, as a photographed scene is not an expression of any kind of you own and the better the tools, the less sk... | Photography is not art.
| 9f658a2d-5654-4dc6-9f95-ca4eb560c9fe |
<|TOPIC|>NA<|ARGUMENT|>I've been reading a few articles suggesting that incels are a cult, but they don't seem to be able to support the idea by actually linking their behavior or beliefs to a standard definition of a cult. They aren't religious in nature, they don't really have one source of admiration or devotion, an... | Incels are not a cult, and presenting them as such is sensationalist.
| 1e98ecc5-082c-4f01-80f3-5327d9da273e |
<|TOPIC|>Is the Book of Mormon an authentic ancient scripture?<|ARGUMENT|>In Adam Clarke's commentary to Isaiah 29:4 he writes: "The pretenders to the art of necromancy who were chiefly women, had an art of speaking with a feigned voice.they could make the voice seem to come from beneath the ground."<|ASPECTS|>feigned ... | The Book of Mormon portrays Joseph Smith's manner of translating the Book of Mormon in terms consistent with necromancy
| 210e6c9c-1b76-4733-95a6-a9a5ab6b4751 |
<|TOPIC|>NA<|ARGUMENT|>The problems that need fixing Teens being solicited and pressured for sexually revealing photos of themselves Teens being overly concerned with peers' opinions eg comparing themselves to Kim Kardashian Videos and pictures of sexual assaults being circulated amongst peers I feel like it would be a... | Teens should not be allowed to own phones with cameras on them until they are over the age of consent.
| c9a9f481-8ea8-41f8-b3c3-24e3c8d57fa2 |
<|TOPIC|>NA<|ARGUMENT|>I am 32M with an Associates Degree. I have no debt currently. I work as a server in an upscale restaurant. I am learning computer programming on my own to try to create a better future for myself, but I have a lot of people telling me it won't work is pointless unless I go back to school, which I... | It is extremely unlikely I will be "successful" in life without going into a lot of debt.
| 628a6b72-0fda-4ff4-8c33-2ffb774c421b |
<|TOPIC|>NA<|ARGUMENT|>I just had a long debate with my friend about this, and I came in with the thought that blacks and whites were genetically similar, but all the evidence seems to say otherwise. For example, African countries have horrible average IQs, and normally I would explain that with the fact that they're w... | People of African descent have inherently lower IQ.
| debbd64c-ab9b-4543-90f9-d041d8352265 |
<|TOPIC|>NA<|ARGUMENT|>I know that this topic has been covered before, but I've found myself lacking the answers I seek. I apologize in advance if anyone finds this topic redundant. Hate speech is defined as speech that attacks a person or group on the basis of attributes such as race, religion, ethnic origin, nation... | Hate Speech Should Be Legal
| 65ddf996-d03b-405b-b277-fa41d6a40f39 |
<|TOPIC|>Should Bullfighting be Banned?<|ARGUMENT|>Even if efforts were made to curb the practice, corruption is so rife in Goa that it is highly unlikely any sustainable action will be taken.<|ASPECTS|>sustainable action, corruption<|CONCLUSION|>
| In Goa, an Indian state, their version of bullfighting continues as "an open secret" despite it being illegal.
| 139c8223-bee6-419d-9242-0cfbf1779b60 |
<|TOPIC|>The Existence of God<|ARGUMENT|>Either one religion is right, and the rest are wrong, OR all of them are wrong. This would suggest the number of people who are groomed to believe an incorrect religion is very high, if not the majority of believers.<|ASPECTS|>religion, incorrect religion, wrong, right<|CONCLUSI... | In most instances, followers are born into their religion. Their parents expose them to faithful practices and religious experiences early on. This is similar to indoctrination practices, which provide false sense of belonging and a distaste for divergent thought.
| 0c7239bc-4762-4b21-826b-7cf5b60f83d8 |
<|TOPIC|>Should we worship a god that sends people to hell?<|ARGUMENT|>The suffering of billions of animals by violence and fear caused by predators or natural disasters in almost endless time is apparently incompatible with the existence of a good God.<|ASPECTS|>fear, natural disasters, violence, good god, suffering<|... | The existence of evil and suffering suggests that God is evil.
| 3c0df0bc-cb7c-4a42-ab82-4164aa924946 |
<|TOPIC|>Free Speech on the Internet: Should Internet Companies Deny Service to White Supremacists?<|ARGUMENT|>For instance, ISIS uses social media to directly interact with young Muslim women in Western countries, promise them marriage build on a will for teenage rebellion or use their disillusionment with their home ... | Social media allows terrorist organizations to tailor their content to specific niche groups.
| 30d8e3eb-220f-4c4f-a67e-55ccf2796336 |
<|TOPIC|>Should Mission Tables Continue to be in World of Warcraft?<|ARGUMENT|>Provides a type of gameplay not otherwise offered in the game, adding to variety of gameplay.<|ASPECTS|>gameplay, variety of gameplay<|CONCLUSION|>
| Should Mission Tables Continue to be in World of Warcraft?
| ab6fb826-a900-4328-ae37-57828c21d283 |
<|TOPIC|>Is social media helping or harming human relationship?<|ARGUMENT|>We can form relationships with anyone in the world now. These new relationships enrich our lives, that we never would have found without the internet.<|ASPECTS|>enrich our lives, relationships<|CONCLUSION|>
| Social media allows us to bridge distances and connect with people all over the world.
| df312137-e278-4349-9359-0419b53d68a8 |
<|TOPIC|>Should a license be required in order to have a child procreate?<|ARGUMENT|>Social services and local authorities already target poorer income families more than wealthier ones. This selective enforcement is likely to be an issue with the licensing policy as well.<|ASPECTS|>poorer income families, selective en... | The licensing assessment policy could be an incredibly evil tool if it fell into the wrong hands, possibly resulting in genocide.
| 20209758-d588-461d-a2bd-2c4c2f063959 |
<|TOPIC|>NA<|ARGUMENT|>Earth is big to us, but it's quite small in relation to the rest of our solar system. Particularly the asteroid belt, which makes up such a large part of our solar system but is often overlooked. In fact, we are just more than a dot in comparison to the size of the asteroid belt The asteroid belt... | The next future of humanity lies in the asteroid belt
| 940d4588-e73d-4488-9633-8b9d77c0c045 |
<|TOPIC|>NA<|ARGUMENT|>I finally had In N Out after years of hearing how great it is from friends, TV, basically everyone. I got the double double with fries. It tasted basically a little better than normal fast food burgers, except this time I got to wait 40 minutes before I could eat it. 1 It clearly isn't as good as... | In-N-Out burger is ridiculously overrated
| 6c479eca-0437-40da-bf01-be0171cfb1dd |
<|TOPIC|>NA<|ARGUMENT|>Because Lenin was a communist and his successor Stalin, people often treat Lenin as an evil, cruel leader. However, this is far from what he truly was. In fact, he proposed his New Economic Policy to try his best to help the people of his country. Born into a poor family, he learned of the strugg... | Lenin was a great leader
| f8c4d361-57e8-48ca-9b24-35c98dd47e3f |
<|TOPIC|>NA<|ARGUMENT|>I firmly believe that it's okay for grown men 25 80 to be attracted to late teen females. I believe this because there's nothing unnatural about it, a woman at the age of 16 or 17 is usually pretty well developed and is fit for reproduction, and since pedophilia laws are partially based on develo... | There's Nothing Wrong With An Adult Being Attracted to 16 or 17 Year Olds.
| edd1d0dc-8226-4a78-b44e-2f2149da8804 |
<|TOPIC|>NA<|ARGUMENT|>By social conflicts, I mean conflict between men and women, white and black, etc. The following hypothesis is my own and I have come up with this just by my personal experiences. I want people who know sociology psychology, etc to criticize my hypothesis and point out what is wrong with my hypoth... | my naive and self-made hypothesis on social conflicts
| 2006021a-96a9-42d5-be03-35cce617fc34 |
<|TOPIC|>NA<|ARGUMENT|>I see other women having a decent time.They have children, they have boyfriends, they have worries but they are fairly typical. It seems boring but they are extremely happy from what I can tell. There is probably something wrong with me. I do like clothes I suppose and do likes being presentable ... | I don't think my uphill battle as a black female PhD student is worth it
| 3b06e7d6-7dae-45fa-9abb-138abf4c3c14 |
<|TOPIC|>Should Racial Profiling Be Banned?<|ARGUMENT|>Simply showing that certain races are statistically the subject of law enforcement action does not necessarily show bias as there are many confounding factors: the law enforcement action may be a legitimate response to actual crimes which occur unevenly across comm... | It is very difficult to tell from aggregate statistics for example, a police department's arrest records whether racial profiling is driving a racial disparity in arrest statistics.
| 2c3f7077-a83a-474d-8907-0c045d194367 |
<|TOPIC|>NA<|ARGUMENT|>I should mention I do not wear a fedora myself. However, when I read fedora bashing comments on Reddit, to me, the vitriol that comes across is kind of scary. Is it really that intimidating to these people that someone who might be a little socially awkward would want to use an accessory to help ... | I think people who hate on fedora wearers are the ones with the problem.
| baf17627-3076-4fcc-9cfa-e801463e8d60 |
<|TOPIC|>Kialo should separate voting into relevance and veracity of claim.<|ARGUMENT|>To define a God of classical theology to be basically the simplest thing imaginable is to define away everything that defines it as a God according to classical theology. There are no known mechanisms by which an unchanging nondescri... | An "Unmoved Mover" aka a being of Pure Actuality is not the same thing as God.
| bb4edd93-0a48-4e99-a9d2-9e3f275de968 |
<|TOPIC|>NA<|ARGUMENT|>I apologize if this topic has already been discussed. I am fairly new to this sub and didn't see the topic mentioned under the Popular Topics Wiki. The idea of hell is very frightening to anyone with an imagination. Being tortured for eternity in a lake of fire is certainly something that would g... | I believe that teaching children that "Hell" is real and that non-believers will go there is child abuse.
| 9bc42410-f921-4b63-ae0d-7aa2d1fe7d6e |
<|TOPIC|>NA<|ARGUMENT|>When I hear people recovering from an addiction and going to NA or AA and calling their addiction a disease, I don't agree with them. A disease is a debilitating condition that cannot be chosen. People do not choose to have Alzheimer's or cancer, it is something their body produces and they have ... | I don't believe addiction is a disease.
| aaf70a2b-0475-4ee1-ae89-9518a89e6468 |
<|TOPIC|>Should European Monarchies Be Abolished?<|ARGUMENT|>It's better to receive an award, medal etc from a monarch who has represented the country for decades rather than a career politician who represents their party; monarchs in contrast are non-partisan, reducing the alienation caused by the polarised nature of ... | The monarch is a politically neutral figure who appeals to everyone and isn’t publicly partisan to any particular view.
| fadb9814-17ba-434f-a89a-a8f61502ef6d |
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio
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Check out the documentation for more information.
Dataset Card for ConcluGen
Dataset Summary
The ConcluGen corpus is constructed for the task of argument summarization. It consists of 136,996 pairs of argumentative texts and their conclusions collected from the ChangeMyView subreddit, a web portal for argumentative discussions on controversial topics.
The corpus has three variants: topics, aspects, and targets. Each variation encodes the corresponding information via control codes. These provide additional argumentative knowledge for generating more informative conclusions.
Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
Argument Summarization, Conclusion Generation
Languages
English ('en') as spoken by Reddit users on the r/changemyview subreddits.
Dataset Structure
Data Instances
An example consists of a unique 'id', an 'argument', and its 'conclusion'.
base
Contains only the argument and its conclusion.
{'id': 'ee11c116-23df-4795-856e-8b6c6626d5ed',
'argument': "In my opinion, the world would be a better place if alcohol was illegal. I've done a little bit of research to get some numbers, and I was quite shocked at what I found. Source On average, one in three people will be involved in a drunk driving crash in their lifetime. In 2011, 9,878 people died in drunk driving crashes Drunk driving costs each adult in this country almost 500 per year. Drunk driving costs the United States 132 billion a year. Every day in America, another 27 people die as a result of drunk driving crashes. Almost every 90 seconds, a person is injured in a drunk driving crash. These are just the driving related statistics. They would each get reduced by at least 75 if the sale of alcohol was illegal. I just don't see enough positives to outweigh all the deaths and injuries that result from irresponsible drinking. Alcohol is quite literally a drug, and is also extremely addicting. It would already be illegal if not for all these pointless ties with culture. Most people wouldn't even think to live in a world without alcohol, but in my opinion that world would be a better, safer, and more productive one. , or at least defend the fact that it's legal.",
'conclusion': 'I think alcohol should be illegal.'}
topic
Argument encoded with the discussion topic.
{"id":"b22272fd-00d2-4373-b46c-9c1d9d21e6c2","argument":"<|TOPIC|>Should Planned Parenthood Be Defunded?<|ARGUMENT|>Even the best contraceptive methods such as surgical sterilisation can fail, and even with perfect use the pill may not work.<|CONCLUSION|>","conclusion":"Even with the best intentions and preparation, contraceptives can and do fail."}
aspects
Argument encoded with the discussion topic and argument's aspects.
{"id":"adc92826-7892-42d4-9405-855e845bf027","argument":"<|TOPIC|>Gender Neutral Bathrooms: Should They be Standard?<|ARGUMENT|>Men's toilets and women's urine have different odours due to hormone differences in each biological sex. As a result, the urine of one sex may smell much worse to the other sex and vice versa, meaning that it is logical to keep their toilet facilities separate.<|ASPECTS|>hormone differences, urine, separate, facilities, different odours, smell much worse<|CONCLUSION|>","conclusion":"Men and women, because of their different biological characteristics, each need a different type of bathroom. Gender-segregated bathrooms reflect and honour these differences."}
targets
Argument encoded with the discussion topic and possible conclusion targets.
{"id":"c9a87a03-edda-42be-9c0d-1e7d2d311816","argument":"<|TOPIC|>Australian republic vs. monarchy<|ARGUMENT|>The monarchy is a direct reflection of Australia's past as a British colony and continues to symbolize Australia's subservience to the British crown. Such symbolism has a powerfully negative effect on Australians' sense of independence and identity. Ending the monarchy and establishing a republic would constitute a substantial stride in the direction of creating a greater sense of independence and national pride and identity.<|TARGETS|>Such symbolism, The monarchy, Ending the monarchy and establishing a republic<|CONCLUSION|>","conclusion":"Ending the monarchy would foster an independent identity in Australia"}
Data Fields
id: a string identifier for each example.argument: the argumentative text.conclusion: the conclusion of the argumentative text.
Data Splits
The data is split into train, validation, and test splits for each variation of the dataset (including base).
| | Train | Validation | Test | |--------- |--------- |------------ |------ | | Base | 116,922 | 12,224 | 1373 | | Aspects | 120,142 | 12,174 | 1357 | | Targets | 109,376 | 11,053 | 1237 | | Topic | 121,588 | 12,335 | 1372 |
Dataset Creation
Curation Rationale
ConcluGen was built as a first step towards argument summarization technology. The rules of the subreddit ensure high quality data suitable for the task.
Source Data
Initial Data Collection and Normalization
Reddit ChangeMyView
Who are the source language producers?
Users of the subreddit r/changemyview. Further demographic information is unavailable from the data source.
Annotations
The dataset is augmented with automatically extracted knowledge such as the argument's aspects, the discussion topic, and possible conclusion targets.
Annotation process
[N/A]
Who are the annotators?
[N/A]
Personal and Sensitive Information
Only the argumentative text and its conclusion are provided. No personal information of the posters is included.
Considerations for Using the Data
Social Impact of Dataset
[Needs More Information]
Discussion of Biases
[Needs More Information]
Other Known Limitations
[Needs More Information]
Additional Information
Dataset Curators
[Needs More Information]
Licensing Information
The licensing status of the dataset hinges on the legal status of the Pushshift.io data which is unclear.
Citation Information
@inproceedings{syed:2021,
author = {Shahbaz Syed and
Khalid Al Khatib and
Milad Alshomary and
Henning Wachsmuth and
Martin Potthast},
editor = {Chengqing Zong and
Fei Xia and
Wenjie Li and
Roberto Navigli},
title = {Generating Informative Conclusions for Argumentative Texts},
booktitle = {Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: {ACL/IJCNLP}
2021, Online Event, August 1-6, 2021},
pages = {3482--3493},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
year = {2021},
url = {https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.findings-acl.306},
doi = {10.18653/v1/2021.findings-acl.306}
}
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